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Nose bleeding is a common situation seen in otorhinolaryngological practices. One of the greatest risk factors in nose bleeding is the use of anticoagulant medicine. With the medicine developed in recent years, the risk of nose bleeding due to the frequent use of anticoagulant and antiagregant is gradually increasing.The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of especially new-generation anticoagulants on nose bleeding. In addition, the use and complications of new-generation anticoagulants and antiagregants have been compiled in light of information obtained from the literature.Three hundred forty patients whose follow-up is conducted by the cardiology department and who use oral antithrombocytic medicine have been included in the study. It has been determined that 15% of these patients use new-generation oral anticoagulants (Rivaroksaban, apiksaban, dabigatran, danaparoid) and the other patients are treated with conventional antithrombocytic treatment (Aspirin, Warfarin, Enoksaparin sodium). The rate of nose bleeding in patients who use classical anticoagulants has been observed to be 28%. In 30 of these patients who had nose bleeding, while cauterization and buffering by otorhinolaryngology specialists, major intervention has not been necessary for any of the patients. While bleeding has been observed in 26% of the patients who use new-generation anticoagulants, bleeding that required operational intervention has taken place in 2 patients. Bleedings have been stopped surgically through a large number of cauterization and buffering.While the new-generation anticoagulants cause lower rate of bleeding, it has been observed that controlling these bleedings is more difficult.

It has been aimed at evaluating the relationship of maxillofacial fractures in farmers, which are caused due to traumas while working in farms, with trauma etiologies, maxillofacial fracture areas, age, sex, and seasonal variables.

METHODS:

Among the farmers who have come to our emergency service unit as a result of maxillofacial trauma between 2010 and 2012, 146 patients have been analyzed retrospectively. The patients’ demographic findings, trauma etiologies, seasonal variables of trauma, and maxillofacial fracture area distribution have been analyzed.

RESULTS:

Patients’ age varies between 12 and 80 and 87 of them are female (59.59%), while 59 are male (40.41%). The subjects’ etiological distribution is as follows: 47.5% is traumas caused by cattle among the farm animals; 15.75% is traumas caused by the blows of agricultural tools; 12.33% is traumas caused by tractor accidents; 9.59% is traumas caused by falling from haystacks; 7.53% is traumas caused by falling from agricultural vehicles, and 6.85% is traumas caused by horse kicks. When trauma etiology, age, sex, seasonal distribution, and the maxillofacial fractures were analyzed, statistically significant results have been determined.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although the number of maxillofacial traumas is considerably high in farmers due to farm animals, agricultural devices, and agricultural tools, while these traumas can cause functional and aesthetically minor fractures on the face, they can cause important and serious fractures as well. While knowing the mechanism of etiological fractures and accidents in different study groups can be guiding in the speedy diagnosis and treatment of possible fractures, it can also be helpful in taking precautions against traumas in these groups as well.

Laryngeal cartilaginous framework tumors are very rare. Chondroma and chondrosarcoma are the most common types of these tumors.

PATIENT PRESENTATION:

A 27-year-old man with a history of intubation presented with exercise-induced dyspnea. A computed tomography scan of larynx showed a rounded and circumscribed mass without infiltration of the adjacent structures which obstructs 75% of airway. Histopathological investigation of the mass revealed the chondroma of the larynx. The patients’ history of intubation trauma with the subsequent progressive onset of clinical symptoms demonstrates the relationship between these 2 entities.

CONCLUSION:

Clinicians should consider laryngeal chondroma in the differential diagnosis of dyspnea after endotracheal intubation.

INTRODUCTION:

Hyperbilirubinemia is a common health problem in newborns. Its effects can be different according to the level and duration of the hyperbilirubinemia. The toxic effect of bilirubin on the auditory system can be seen as a sensory neural hearing loss or auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD).

OBJECTIVE:

The purpose of our study was to determine the effects of toxic bilirubin level on the auditory system by using Auditory Brainstem Response audiometry.

METHODS:

Rats are used as animal models due to their low cost and easy attainability. Auditory Brainstem Response was used for auditory assessment. In this study, three groups were established: experimental, control and placebo groups.

RESULTS:

In the experimental group, which consists of rats with hyperbilirubinemia, sensory neural hearing loss was found bilaterally in 4 rats (66.67%) and unilaterally in 2 rats (16.67%) and auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder was found unilaterally in 1 rat (8.33%). Auditory Brainstem Response thresholds were significantly elevated compared to control and placebo groups (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION:

Hyperbilirubinemia of newborn rats may result both in sensory neural hearing loss and auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder.

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a benign vascular tumor occurring in young males. Treatment of JNA is a complex procedure, especially in advanced cases with a high risk of major complications. We report the clinical, radiological and histological specialties of a rare case of recurrent JNA 3 years after radiation therapy in an 18-year-old boy. The patient underwent endoscopy assisted partial midfacial degloving approach. This treatment has been shown to be effective in advanced JNAs with minor morbidity.

INTRODUCTION:

Otoacariasis, the attachment of ticks and mites within the ear canal is a common phenomenon especially in rural areas.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the clinical and demographic features of cases with detected ticks in the ear canal, which is a common health problem, and identify tick species.

METHODS:

Data of patients who had otoacariasis were collected. We also investigated all ticks at the Veterinary Department of Kafkas University.

RESULTS:

We present the data of patients with otoacariasis. All ticks were identified as otobius. Otobius ticks were found not related with any complications.

CONCLUSION:

It is very important to detect ticks in the ear canal as they act as vector of some diseases. Identifying species of ticks may help clinicians to prevent further complications associated with vector-borne diseases.

INTRODUCTION:

Mucopolysaccharidosis is a hereditary lysosomal storage disease, which develops due to a deficiency in the enzymes that play a role in the metabolism of glycosaminoglycans (GAG). The incidence of mucopolysaccharidosis is 1/25,000, with autosomal recessive inheritance (except for MPS II). Mucopolysaccharidosis occurs in seven different types, each with a different congenital deficiency of lysosomal enzymes. In mucopolysaccharidosis patients, even though progression of clinical findings is not prominent, the disease advances and causes death at early ages. Facial dysmorphism, growth retardation, mental retardation, and skeletal or joint dysplasia are the most frequently found symptoms in these patients.

OBJECTIVE:

The purpose of our study is to present the types of hearing loss types and tympanometric findings of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis referred to our clinic with suspicion of hearing loss.

METHODS:

After otorhinolaryngological examination, 9 patients with different types of mucopolysaccharidosis, underwent to immittance and audiometric evaluations, performed according to their physical and mental abilities, and ages, in order to determine their hearing thresholds.

RESULTS:

The audiometric findings of the 9 patients followed with mucopolysaccharidosis were reported separately for each case.

CONCLUSION:

Based on the high frequency of hearing loss in mucopolysaccharidosis patients, early and detailed audiological evaluations are highly desirable. Therefore, regular and systematic multidisciplinary evaluations are very important.

BACKGROUND:

Lymphoepithelial carcinomas (LECs) are rare tumors of parotid gland. Although few cases were reported in literature, there is no reported recurrent case.

METHOD:

The authors report a case of recurrent LEC after 8 months of primary surgery. Total parotidectomy and selective neck dissection surgery were performed. Radiation therapy after surgery was planned. Patient had partial facial weakness in the early postoperative period that was getting better with follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:

In the diagnosis of LECs of parotid region, nasopharyngeal carcinomas must be excluded. If LECs are not treated properly, recurrences may occur.

Hemangiopericytomas are rare tumors of sinonasal region. In this article, we described a case of recurrent mass in right nasal cavity which presented with nasal obstruction and intermittent epistaxis. Patient had a surgical history on the same nasal region without any histopathological document. Abnormal bleeding was observed during surgery and mass was partially removed for histopathological investigation. The result was glomangiopericytoma of the sinonasal region. Although extended surgery was recommended to the patient including preoperative and perioperative measures for bleeding problem, patient preferred to follow-up rather than removal. The clinical progress and review of glomangiopericytoma have also been discussed.

INTRODUCTION:

Mutational falsetto is a temporary adolescent voice. Voice therapy support in mutational falsetto helps the individual to regain a healthy voice. Speech Range Profile (SRP) is considered to be a method requiring less time in the pretherapy and posttherapy evaluations of voice patients.

OBJECTIVE:

The purpose of this study was to determine the differences between the SRP results of male subjects experiencing mutational falsetto before and after therapy.

METHODS:

Sixteen male participants have been included in this study. F0, MinF0, MaxF0, F0Range, F0Range (st), MindB SPL, and MaxdB SPL have been taken to evaluation. SRP recordings of all subjects have been performed. All the recordings have been repeated before and after therapy.

RESULTS:

A statistically significant difference has been observed between the F0 and MinF0 values before and after therapy (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

SRP provides important information about frequency and intensity. In mutational falsetto, SRP is a useful technique in terms of evaluating success in therapy.

Halitosis is a common and devastating condition, which may affect up to 1/3 of the population. It can be classified either as genuine halitosis, pseudohalitosis, or halitophobia. Genuine halitosis is more common and usually related to an organic pathology such as periodontitis. Malodour molecules such as sulfur compounds that arise from bacterial interactions generate the basis of oral malodour. Pathologies of the tongue, poor oral hygiene, deep caries, cryptic tonsillary hypertrophia, and postnasal drainage are also associated with halitosis. Gastro-esophageal pathologies and systemic problems are accepted as extra-oral sources of halitosis. There are various methods for the diagnosis of halitosis including objective and subjective methods. General oral hygiene recommendations and specific interventions for the related etiological factors have to be addressed in order to achieve satisfactory results after the treatment. Clinicians have to be aware of these aspects regarding this unfavorable condition to achieve the best results.

OBJECTIVES:

This study aims to evaluate phonetogram data of the students in the department of music who passed the entrance exam.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

The phonetogram data of 44 individuals with a good voice quality in the department of music and age-matched individuals who were not trained in the field of music or not involved in music amateurish as the control group were compared. The voice of both groups were recorded using the voice range profile within the scope of Kay Elemetrics CSL (Model 4300 B) programmed.

RESULTS:

There was a significant difference in the voice range profile parameters including max Fo, Fo range, Fo range (St), min dB SPL, and max dB sound pressure level (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION:

Our study results suggest that the voice interval of the department of music is higher than the control group and that plays a major role in their acceptance to the department of music.

OBJECTIVE:

To analyze the association of GJB2 gene mutations with cochlear implant performance in children.

METHODS:

Sixty-five consecutive children who underwent cochlear implantation due to congenital profound senseurineural hearing between 2006 and 2008 were included in the study. In children, GJB2 gene mutation analysis was performed. Their auditory performance was assessed using MAIS, MUSS and LittlEARS tests.

RESULTS:

Twenty-two of sixty-five patients GJB2 mutations, and 35delG was the most frequent mutation. No significant difference was found between the auditory performance of mutation positive and negative children after one year follow up (p>0.05).

CONCLUSION:

GJB2 gene mutations do not impact on the outcome of cochlear implantation.

OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to evaluate retrospectively the results of experience with end-to-end anastomosis of cranial nerves VII and XII, performed due to transection of the facial nerve during acoustic neuroma removal.

METHODS:

We assessed the facial reanimation results of 33 patients whose facial nerves had been transected during acoustic neuroma excision via a retrosigmoid approach, between 1985 and 2006, and who underwent end-to-end hypoglossofacial anastomosis. We compared the facial nerve functions of patients receiving short term (two to three years) and long term (more than three years) follow up, and we assessed any complications of the anastomosis.

RESULTS:

A House-Brackmann grade III facial function was achieved in 46.2 and 86.4 per cent of the patients in the short and long term, respectively. House-Brackmann grade IV facial function was achieved in 53.8 and 13.6 per cent of the patients in the short and long term, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the facial recovery results, comparing the short and long term follow-up periods (p = 0.03). Disarticulation was the most common complication, seen in 19 (57.6 per cent) patients; numbness of the tongue was the next commonest (10 (30.3 per cent) patients). None of the patients developed dysphagia.

CONCLUSION:

Despite such morbidities as disarticulation and tongue numbness, end-to-end hypoglossofacial anastomosis is still an effective procedure for the surgical rehabilitation of static and dynamic facial nerve functions. Significant improvement in facial nerve function can occur more than three years post-operatively.